Essential Physics - Andrew Duffy

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 - Introduction
- Section 1-1: Physics, Models, and Units
- Section 1-2: Unit Conversions, and Significant Figures
- Section 1-3: Trigonometry, Algebra, and Dimensional Analysis
- Section 1-4: Vectors
- Section 1-5: Adding Vectors
- Section 1-6: Coordinate Systems
- Section 1-7: The Quadratic Formula
- Chapter 1: Summary
- Chapter 1: Problems
- Chapter 1: Additional Resources
Chapter 2 - Motion in One Dimension
- Section 2-1: Position, Displacement, and Distance
- Section 2-2: Velocity and Speed
- Section 2-3: Different Representations of Motion
- Section 2-4: Constant-Velocity Motion
- Section 2-5: Acceleration
- Section 2-6: Equations for Motion with Constant Acceleration
- Section 2-7: Example Problem
- Section 2-8: Solving Constant-Acceleration Problems
- Chapter 2: Summary
- Chapter 2: Problems
- Chapter 2: Additional Resources
Chapter 3 - Forces and Newton's Laws
- Section 3-1: Making Things Move
- Section 3-2: Free-Body Diagrams
- Section 3-3: Constant Velocity, Acceleration, and Force
- Section 3-4: Connecting Force and Motion
- Section 3-5: Newton's Laws of Motion
- Section 3-6: Exploring Forces and Free-Body Diagrams
- Section 3-7: Practice with Free-Body Diagrams
- Section 3-8: A Method for Solving Problems Involving Newton's Laws
- Section 3-9: Practicing the Method
- Chapter 3: Summary
- Chapter 3: Problems
- Chapter 3: Additional Resources
Chapter 4 - Motion in Two Dimensions
- Section 4-1: Relative Velocity in One Dimension
- Section 4-2: Combining Relative Velocity and Motion
- Section 4-3: Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions
- Section 4-4: Projectile Motion
- Section 4-5: The Independence of x and y
- Section 4-6: An Example of Projectile Motion
- Section 4-7: Graphs for Projectile Motion
- Section 4-8: Range, and One Final Example
- Chapter 4: Summary
- Chapter 4: Problems
- Chapter 4: Additional Resources
Chapter 5 - Applications of Newton's Laws
- Section 5-1: Kinetic Friction
- Section 5-2: Static Friction
- Section 5-3: Measuring the Coefficient of Friction
- Section 5-4: A System of Two Objects and a Pulley
- Section 5-5: Uniform Circular Motion
- Section 5-6: Solving Problems Involving Uniform Circular Motion
- Section 5-7: Using Whole Vectors
- Section 5-8: Vertical Circular Motion
- Chapter 5: Summary
- Chapter 5: Problems
- Chapter 5: Additional Resources
Chapter 6 - Linking Forces to Momentum and Energy
- Section 6-1: Rewriting Newton's Second Law
- Section 6-2: Relating Momentum and Impulse
- Section 6-3: Implication of Newton's Third Law: Momentum is Conserved
- Section 6-4: Center of Mass
- Section 6-5: Playing with a Constant Acceleration Equation
- Section 6-6: Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
- Section 6-7: Power
- Chapter 6: Summary
- Chapter 6: Problems
- Chapter 6: Additional Resources
Chapter 7 - Conservation of Energy and Conservation of Momentum
- Section 7-1: The Law of Conservation of Energy
- Section 7-2: Comparing the Energy and Force Approaches
- Section 7-3: Energy Bar Graphs: Visualizing Energy Transfer
- Section 7-4: Momentum and Collisions
- Section 7-5: Classifying Collisions
- Section 7-6: Collisions in Two Dimensions
- Section 7-7: Combining Energy and Momentum
- Chapter 7: Summary
- Chapter 7: Problems
- Chapter 7: Additional Resources
Chapter 8 - Gravity
- Section 8-1: Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
- Section 8-2: The Principle of Superposition
- Section 8-3: Gravitational Field
- Section 8-4: Gravitational Potential Energy
- Section 8-5: Example Problems
- Section 8-6: Orbits
- Section 8-7: Orbits and Energy
- Chapter 8: Summary
- Chapter 8: Problems
- Chapter 8: Additional Resources
Chapter 9 - Fluids
- Section 9-1: The Buoyant Force
- Section 9-2: Using Force Methods with Fluids
- Section 9-3: Archimedes' Principle
- Section 9-4: Solving Buoyancy Problems
- Section 9-5: An Example Buoyancy Problem
- Section 9-6: Pressure
- Section 9-7: Atmospheric Pressure
- Section 9-8: Fluid Dynamics
- Section 9-9: Examples Involving Bernoulli's Equation
- Section 9-10: Viscosity and Surface Tension
- Section 9-11: Drag and the Ultracentrifuge
- Chapter 9: Summary
- Chapter 9: Problems
- Chapter 9: Additional Resources
Chapter 10 - Rotation I: Rotational Kinematics and Torque
- Section 10-1: Rotational Kinematics
- Section 10-2: Connecting Rotational Motion to Linear Motion
- Section 10-3: Solving Rotational Kinematics Problems
- Section 10-4: Torque
- Section 10-5: Three Equivalent Methods of Finding Torque
- Section 10-6: Rotational Inertia
- Section 10-7: An Example Problem Involving Rotational Inertia
- Section 10-8: A Table of Rotational Inertias
- Section 10-9: Newton's Laws for Rotation
- Section 10-10: Static Equilibrium
- Section 10-11: A General Method for Solving Static Equilibrium Problems
- Section 10-12: Further Investigations of Static Equilibrium
- Chapter 10: Summary
- Chapter 10: Problems
- Chapter 10: Additional Resources
Chapter 11 - Rotation II: Rotational Dynamics
- Section 11-1: Applying Newton's Second Law for Rotation
- Section 11-2: A General Method, and Rolling without Slipping
- Section 11-3: Further Investigations of Rolling
- Section 11-4: Combining Rolling and Newton's Second Law for Rotation
- Section 11-5: Analyzing the Motion of a Spool
- Section 11-6: Angular Momentum
- Section 11-7: Considering Conservation, and Rotational Kinetic Energy
- Section 11-8: Racing Shapes
- Section 11-9: Rotational Impulse and Rotational Work
- Chapter 11: Summary
- Chapter 11: Problems
- Chapter 11: Additional Resources
Chapter 12 - Simple Harmonic Motion
- Section 12-1: Hooke's Law
- Section 12-2: Springs and Energy Conservation
- Section 12-3: An Example Involving Springs and Energy
- Section 12-4: The Connection with Circular Motion
- Section 12-5: Hallmarks of Simple Harmonic Motion
- Section 12-6: Examples Involving Simple Harmonic Motion
- Section 12-7: The Simple Pendulum
- Chapter 12: Summary
- Chapter 12: Problems
- Chapter 12: Additional Resources
Chapter 13 - Thermal Physics: A Macroscopic View
- Section 13-1: Temperature Scales
- Section 13-2: Thermal Expansion
- Section 13-3: Specific Heat
- Section 13-4: Latent Heat
- Section 13-5: Solving Thermal Equilibrium Problems
- Section 13-6: Energy-Transfer Mechanisms
- Chapter 13: Summary
- Chapter 13: Problems
- Chapter 13: Additional Resources
Chapter 14 - Thermal Physics: A Microscopic View
- Section 14-1: The Ideal Gas Law
- Section 14-2: Kinetic Theory
- Section 14-3: Temperature
- Section 14-4: Example Problems
- Section 14-5: The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution; Equipartition
- Section 14-6: The P-V Diagram
- Section 14-7: Diffusion and Osmosis
- Chapter 14: Summary
- Chapter 14: Problems
- Chapter 14: Additional Resources
Chapter 15 - The Laws of Thermodynamics
- Section 15-1: The First Law of Thermodynamics
- Section 15-2: Work, and Internal Energy
- Section 15-3: Constant Volume and Constant Pressure Processes
- Section 15-4: Constant Temperature and Adiabatic Processes
- Section 15-5: A Summary of Thermodynamic Processes
- Section 15-6: Thermodynamic Cycles
- Section 15-7: Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Section 15-8: Heat Engines
- Chapter 15: Summary
- Chapter 15: Problems
- Chapter 15: Additional Resources
Chapter 16 - Electric Charge and Electric Field
- Section 16-1: Electric Charge
- Section 16-2: Extending our Model of Charge
- Section 16-3: Coulomb's Law
- Section 16-4: Applying the Principle of Superposition
- Section 16-5: The Electric Field
- Section 16-6: Electric Field: Special Cases
- Section 16-7: Electric Field Near Conductors
- Chapter 16: Summary
- Chapter 16: Problems
- Chapter 16: Additional Resources
Chapter 17 - Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential
- Section 17-1: Electric Potential Energy
- Section 17-2: Example Problems Involving Potential Energy
- Section 17-3: Electric Potential
- Section 17-4: Electric Potential for a Point Charge
- Section 17-5: Working with Force, Field, Potential Energy, and Potential
- Section 17-6: Capacitors and Dielectrics
- Section 17-7: Energy in a Capacitor, and a Capacitor Example
- Chapter 17: Summary
- Chapter 17: Problems
- Chapter 17: Additional Resources
Chapter 18 - DC (Direct Current) Circuits
- Section 18-1: Current, and Batteries
- Section 18-2: Resistance and Ohm's Law
- Section 18-3: Circuit Analogies, and Kirchoff's Rules
- Section 18-4: Power, the Cost of Electricity, and AC Circuits
- Section 18-5: Resistors in Series
- Section 18-6: Resistors in Parallel
- Section 18-7: Series-Parallel Combination Circuits
- Section 18-8: An Example Problem; and Meters
- Section 18-9: Multi-loop Circuits
- Section 18-10: RC Circuits
- Chapter 18: Summary
- Chapter 18: Problems
- Chapter 18: Additional Resources
Chapter 19 - Magnetism
- Section 19-1: The Magnetic Field
- Section 19-2: The Magnetic Force on a Charged Object
- Section 19-3: Using the Right-hand Rule
- Section 19-4: Mass Spectrometer: An Application of Force on a Charge
- Section 19-5: The Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire
- Section 19-6: The Magnetic Torque on a Current Loop
- Section 19-7: Magnetic Field from a Long Straight Wire
- Section 19-8: Magnetic Field from Loops and Coils
- Chapter 19: Summary
- Chapter 19: Problems
- Chapter 19: Additional Resources
Chapter 20 - Generating Electricity
- Section 20-1: Magnetic Flux
- Section 20-2: Faraday's Law of Induction
- Section 20-3: Lenz's Law, and a Pictorial Method for Faraday's Law
- Section 20-4: Motional emf
- Section 20-5: Eddy Currents
- Section 20-6: Electric Generators
- Section 20-7: Transformers and the Transmission of Electricity
- Chapter 20: Summary
- Chapter 20: Problems
- Chapter 20: Additional Resources
Chapter 21 - Waves and Sound
- Section 21-1: Waves
- Section 21-2: The Connection with Simple Harmonic Motion
- Section 21-3: Frequency, Speed, and Wavelength
- Section 21-4: Sound and Sound Intensity
- Section 21-5: The Doppler Effect for Sound
- Section 21-6: Sonic Booms, and the Doppler Effect in General
- Section 21-7: Superposition and Interference
- Section 21-8: Beats; and Reflections
- Section 21-9: Standing Waves on Strings
- Section 21-10: Standing Waves in Pipes
- Chapter 21: Summary
- Chapter 21: Problems
- Chapter 21: Additional Resources
Chapter 22 - Electromagnetic Waves
- Section 22-1: Maxwell's Equations
- Section 22-2: Electromagnetic Waves and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Section 22-3: Energy, Momentum and Radiation Pressure
- Section 22-4: The Doppler Effect for EM Waves
- Section 22-5: Polarized Light
- Section 22-6: Applications of Polarized Light
- Chapter 22: Summary
- Chapter 22: Problems
- Chapter 22: Additional Resources
Chapter 23 - Reflection and Mirrors
- Section 23-1: The Ray Model of Light
- Section 23-2: The Law of Reflection; Plane Mirrors
- Section 23-3: Spherical Mirrors: Ray Diagrams
- Section 23-4: A Qualitative Approach: Image Characteristics
- Section 23-5: A Quantitative Approach: The Mirror Equation
- Section 23-6: Analyzing the Concave Mirror
- Section 23-7: An Example Problem
- Chapter 23: Summary
- Chapter 23: Problems
- Chapter 23: Additional Resources
Chapter 24 - Refraction and Lenses
- Section 24-1: Refraction
- Section 24-2: Total Internal Reflection
- Section 24-3: Dispersion
- Section 24-4: Image Formation by Thin Lenses
- Section 24-5: Lens Concepts
- Section 24-6: A Quantitative Approach: The Thin-Lens Equation
- Section 24-7: Analyzing a Converging Lens
- Section 24-8: An Example Problem Involving a Lens
- Section 24-9: The Human Eye and the Camera
- Section 24-10: Multi-lens Systems
- Chapter 24: Summary
- Chapter 24: Problems
- Chapter 24: Additional Resources
Chapter 25 - Interference and Diffraction
- Section 25-1: Interference from Two Sources
- Section 25-2: The Diffraction Grating
- Section 25-3: Diffraction from a Single Slit
- Section 25-4: Diffraction: Double Slits and Circular Openings
- Section 25-5: Reflection
- Section 25-6: Thin-Film Interference: The Five-Step Method
- Section 25-7: Applying the Five-Step Method
- Chapter 25: Summary
- Chapter 25: Problems
- Chapter 25: Additional Resources
Chapter 26 - Special Relativity
- Section 26-1: Observers
- Section 26-2: Spacetime and the Spacetime Interval
- Section 26-3: Time Dilation - Moving Clocks Run Slowly
- Section 26-4: Length Contraction
- Section 26-5: The Breakdown of Simultaneity
- Chapter 26: Summary
- Chapter 26: Problems
- Chapter 26: Additional Resources
Chapter 27 - The Quantum World
- Section 27-1: Planck Solves the Ultraviolet Catastrophe
- Section 27-2: Einstein Explains the Photoelectric Effect
- Section 27-3: A Photoelectric Effect Example
- Section 27-4: Photons Carry Momentum
- Section 27-5: Particles Act Like Waves
- Section 27-6: Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
- Chapter 27: Summary
- Chapter 27: Problems
- Chapter 27: Additional Resources
Chapter 28 - The Atom
- Section 28-1: Line Spectra and the Hydrogen Atom
- Section 28-2: Models of the Atom
- Section 28-3: The Quantum Mechanical View of the Atom
- Section 28-4: The Pauli Exclusion Principle
- Section 28-5: Understanding the Periodic Table
- Section 28-6: Some Applications of Quantum Mechanics
- Chapter 28: Summary
- Chapter 28: Problems
- Chapter 28: Additional Resources
Chapter 29 - The Nucleus
- Section 29-1: What Holds the Nucleus Together?
- Section 29-2: E = mc²
- Section 29-3: Radioactive Decay Processes
- Section 29-4: The Chart of the Nuclides
- Section 29-5: Radioactivity
- Section 29-6: Nuclear Fusion and Nuclear Fission
- Section 29-7: Applications of Nuclear Physics
- Section 29-8: A Table of Isotopes
- Chapter 29: Summary
- Chapter 29: Problems
- Chapter 29: Additional Resources