Argument Driven Inquiry - CHM 1045L Laboratory Manual

Introductory Materials

Argument Driven Inquiry

An Introduction to Scientific Argumentation

Interactive Poster Session

Lab Report Scoring Rubric

Peer Review

Instructor Assessment

Laboratory Equipment and Glassware

Vernier Calipers

Instructional Videos

Lab Investigations

Lab Investigation 1 - What is the best practice for laboratory measurement?
- Using Laboratory Equipment and Glassware
  
  The chemistry laboratory is equipped with top loading balances and analytical balances.
Lab Investigation 2 - Are these materials made of the same substance?
- An Introduction to Physical Properties
  
  Are the samples provided made of the same material?
- Introduction
  
  A physical property can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the material...
- The Problem
  
  Matter, the "stuff" of which the universe is composed, has two characteristics: it has mass, and it occupies space...
- Materials Available for Use
  
  Water, Spill Can, Tongs, Graduated Cylinders...
- Safety Precautions
  
  Carefully add the samples into the glass cylinders to avoid cracking the glass...
- Getting Started
  
  You will need to determine a way to gather the data so that you produce evidence that can be used to justify your answer to the guiding question...
- Interactive Poster Session
  
  Once your group has completed your work, prepare a whiteboard that you can use to share and justify your ideas...
- Report
  
  Once you have completed your research, you will need to prepare an investigation report that consists of three sections...
Lab Investigation 3 - What is the identity of this hydrate?
- Identification of Hydrates Based on Percent Water in an Unknown
  
  What is the identity of your unknown hydrate?
- Introduction
  
  When an ionic compound (such as salt) is crystallized from an aqueous solution (such as salt water), the resulting solid crystals may appear to be perfectly dry....
- The Problem
  
  You will be given an unknown hydrate to identify this hydrate from a list of possible unknowns by determining the percent water in the hydrate.
- Materials Available For Use
  
  Test tubes, Test Tube clamp, Beaker, ...
- Safety Precautions
  
  Never point the heating test tube at a person...
- Getting Started
  
  The unknown hydrate may be any of the compounds in the table on the design page...
- Technique Considerations
  
  Take a minute to discuss why both of these are important with your group...
- Interactive Poster Session
  
  Once your group has completed your work, prepare a whiteboard that you can use to share and justify your ideas...
- Report
  
  Once you have completed your research, you will need to prepare an investigation report that consists of three sections...
- Worksheet
  
  Download the worksheet and fill in the table and flow chart.
Lab Investigation 4 - How could you make more of this dye?
- Using Spectroscopy to Determine Solution Concentration
  
  How could you make more of this dye?
- Introduction
  
  A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances...
- The Problem
  
  Your research team has been asked to prepare more of certain color dye solution...
- Materials Available For Use
  
  UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, Spectronic 20D spectrophotometers,...
- Safety Precautions
  
  Wear goggles at all times...
- Getting Started
  
  Determine the analytical wavelength for the primary dye assigned to your table (red, blue or yellow)...
- Interactive Poster Session
  
  Once your group has completed your work, prepare a whiteboard that you can use to share and justify your ideas...
- Report
  
  Once you have completed your research, you will need to prepare an investigation report that consists of three sections...
- Spectroscopy Background
  
  Begin by viewing the online video "Spectronic 20."...
- Preparing a Beer's Law Plot
  
  Obtain two cuvettes for the Spectronic 20D...
Lab Investigation 5 - What is the optimum mole ratio for a reaction?
- An Investigation of Mole Ratios and Limiting Reactants
  
  What is the optimum mole ratio for the formation of CO₂ from the reaction of sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid?
- Introduction
  
  You have already learned how to balance chemical equations in terms of molecules, for example see the following equations...
- The Problem
  
  When bicarbonate is mixed with acid, it breaks down into CO₂ and H₂O...
- Materials Available for Use
  
  1.00 M Acetic Acid (HC₂H₃0₂), Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)...
- Safety Precautions
  
  Handle acetic acid with care...
- Getting Started
  
  You will need to collect gas by water displacement in order to measure the amount of CO₂ produced after the mixing of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate in different molar ratios...
- Interactive Poster Session
  
  Once your group has completed your work, prepare a whiteboard that you can use to share and justify your ideas...
- Report
  
  Once you have completed your research, you will need to prepare an investigation report that consists of three sections...
Lab Investigation 6 - Exploration of Chemical Reactions and Using Chemical Reactions
- Introduction - Part I
  
  Chemical reactions can be recognized by color change, the formation of a solid, formation of bubbles, or a change in temperature...
- Exploration of Chemical Reactions
  
  Carry out each of the reactions below...
- Reactions
  
  AgNO₃(aq) + Cu(s)...
- Materials Available for Use
  
  Test tubes & Rack, Spatulas, Rubber stoppers w/ vent...
- Safety Precautions
  
  Always wear goggles...
- Glowing Splint Test for Gases
  
  Prepare gas testing splint by holding it with tongs in a burner flame; then blowing out the flame to leave a glowing ember at the tip of the splint...
- Solubility Rules
  
  Compounds that contain Group 1A cation or NH₄¹⁺...
- Part II - Using Chemical Reactions
  
  What is the best way to recover silver from aqueous silver nitrate?
- Introduction - Part II
  
  Last week you explored a variety of chemical reactions...
- The Problem
  
  The second part of this investigation requires you to use your knowledge of chemical reactions from last week to design a procedure to recover silver from an aqueous silver nitrate...
- Additional Materials Available for Use
  
  Side-arm filtration flask, Büchner Funnel, Filter paper...
- Interactive Poster Session
  
  Once your group has completed your work, prepare a whiteboard that you can use to share and justify your ideas...
- Report
  
  Once you have completed your research, you will need to prepare an investigation report that consists of three sections...
- Experimental Design
  
  You will be given 5.0 mL of 0.500 M AgNO₃ solution. Design an experiment to recover all of the silver from the solution...
- Worksheet
  
  Please print the worksheet for this experimental design phase of the investigation.
Lab Investigation 7 - Why is sodium acetate used in commercial hot packs and ammonium nitrate in commercial cold packs?
- The Commercial Use of Thermochemistry
  
  Why is sodium acetate used in commercial hot packs and ammonium nitrate in commercial cold packs?
- Introduction
  
  When a salt dissolves in water, two opposite heat transfer processes are involved...
- The Problem
  
  You and your teammates are to investigate different salts for potential use in cold or hot packs...
- Materials Available for Use
  
  Electronic Balances, Sodium acetate (NaC₂H₃O₂), Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃),...
- Safety Precautions
  
  Dispose of all salts properly...
- Getting Started
  
  Each lab table has sodium acetate, used in hot packs, and ammonium nitrate, used in cold packs...
- Class Poster Session
  
  Once your group has completed the experiment, add your data to the class whiteboard.
- Report
  
  This week you will NOT write a full lab report, just an argument for why each salt is used commercially...
- Quantitative Heat Data for Salts
- Class Data - Exothermic Salts
- Class Data - Endothermic Salts
- Recommended Procedure for Quantitative Heat Investigations
  
  A calorimeter can be constructed from two concentric Styrofoam cups...
- Worksheet
  
  Download and print the worksheet. You will use this worksheet to record your answers to these questions.
Lab Investigation 8 - What shapes do molecules form?
- Lewis dot structures help us predict covalent bonding patterns as well as locate non-bonding pairs of electrons on a molecule...