INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL

• Introduction
  • Preface
    Let us begin by saying that the first semester laboratory course will not correlate with the lecture material in all instances...
  • Check-In
    Your experience in Organic lab will start by learning the equipment that you will use throughout the course...
• Laboratory Safety Rules and Regulations
  • Safety Rules
    The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations (29CFR1910.133) require that...
  • Emergency Procedures
    Immediately alert your instructor to ANY accident or fire...
  • Housekeeping
    Stay in your assigned section during the laboratory period...
  • Hazards and Fires
    The Organic Chemistry Laboratory is a "High Hazard" area...
• Record-Keeping and Calculations
  • Forms
    Medical Information Form...
  • Miscellaneous Useful Calculations
    Few experiments will involve very complicated calculations...
• Techniques
  • Handling of Liquids, Calibration of Pasteur Pipet
    The various common operations that Organic chemists use regularly in the laboratory are called "Techniques."...
  • Pasteur Filter Pipet
    As mentioned earlier, when working with liquids on a small scale (e.g. 0.3-3.0 mL), it is never a good idea to pour...
  • Heating Reactions
    During the course of this semester, there will be many occasions to heat a reaction...
  • Melting Point
    Most solids have a characteristic temperature at which they change from the solid to the liquid state...

Some Important Functional Groups

Typical IR and ¹H NMR Values

EXPERIMENTS

• Experiment 1 - Thin Layer Chromatography
  • Objective
    
    In this laboratory you will separate spinach pigments using thin layer chromatography (TLC)...
  • Introduction
    
    Mixtures of compounds are very common in Organic Chemistry...
  • Pre-Lab
    
    Briefly outline the procedure (bring your outline with you to the lab)...
  • Procedure
    
    Pentane is highly flammable...
  • In-Lab Questions
    
    How many pigments were you able to visualize and identify...
• Experiment 2 - Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)
  • Objective
    
    To learn various functional groups encountered in Organic Chemistry...
  • Introduction
    
    During the course of this year we will study several different classes of compounds including alcohols, alkenes, and ketones...
  • Pre-Lab
    
    Brief outline of procedure...
  • Procedure
    
    After you have carefully listened to the instructions from your instructor and have taken notes on how to operate the instrument, you are ready to take your first IR spectrum...
  • In-Lab Questions
    
    The laboratory work involves identification of an unknown by recording its infrared spectrum...
• Experiment 3 - Extraction
  • Objective
    
    In this experiment, you will separate the components of a commercial headache powder via an extractive process...
  • Introduction
    
    Extraction is a widely used method for the separation of a substance from a mixture...
  • Pre-Lab
    
    Brief outline of procedure...
  • Procedure
    
    Before you start, watch the liquid-liquid extraction video...
  • In-Lab Questions
    
    Amount of Acetylsalicylic acid in powder (see box)...
• Experiment 4 - Dehydration of Alcohols-Gas Chromatography
  • Objective
    
    In this lab, we will examine the phosphoric acid catalyzed dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol...
  • Introduction
    
    Under acid-catalysis an alcohol may be dehydrated to form an alkene...
  • Pre-Lab
    
    Brief outline of procedure...
  • Procedure
    
    Before you start to set up for the microscale distillation, watch the short video...
  • In-Lab Questions
    
    Reaction Equation:...
• Experiment 5 - S_N2 Reactions of Alkyl Halides
  • Objective
    
    To examine factors affecting the relative rates of the S_N2 reaction of alkyl halides such as...
  • Introduction
    
    The alkyl halides play an important role in organic synthesis...
  • Pre-Lab
    
    Obtain reagent data for all starting materials (structure, formula, molecular weight, melting point, boiling point, density and applicable hazards)...
  • Procedure
    
    The reaction mixtures from this experiment should be collected in the labeled waste container...
  • In-Lab Questions
    
    Which alkyl bromide reacted fastest with sodium iodide in acetone...

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