© 2020 by Cengage, Inc. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

10/20/2020

WebAssign® is a registered trademark of Cengage, Inc.

pencilPad®, chemPad®, calcPad®, physPad®, and Personal Study Plan® are registered trademarks of Cengage, Inc. (dba WebAssign). PlaceU™ is a trademark of Cengage, Inc. NumberLine™ is a service mark of Cengage, Inc.

Adobe®, Acrobat®, Acrobat Reader®, Flash®, and Shockwave® are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, other countries, or both.

Apple®, iPad®, Mac®, OS X®, and Safari® are registered trademarks of Apple Inc., in the United States, other countries, or both. macOS™ is a trademark of Apple Inc., in the United States, other countries, or both.

Google® is a registered trademark of Google Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both. Chrome™ is a trademark of Google Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.

Internet Explorer®, Microsoft®, PowerPoint®, and Windows® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.

Java™ is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.

Mathematica® is a registered trademark of Wolfram Research, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.

Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both.

Mozilla® and Firefox® are registered trademarks of the Mozilla Foundation in the United States, other countries, or both.

Blackboard® is a registered trademark of Blackboard, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.

Brightspace® and D2L® are registered trademarks of D2L Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. Please visit D2L.com/trademarks for a list of D2L marks.

Canvas™ is a trademark of Instructure, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.

Coursera® is a registered trademark of Coursera, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.

LockDown Browser® is a registered trademark of Respondus, Inc, in the United States, other countries, or both.

Moodle™ is a trademark of Martin Dougiamas in the United States, other countries, or both.

Sakai® is a registered trademark of the Apereo Foundation in the United States, other countries, or both.

VitalSource® is a registered trademark of VitalSource Technologies℠, an Ingram Digital℠ Solution, in the United States, other countries, or both.

Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.

Under the copyright laws, neither this documentation nor the software may be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Cengage, Inc., except in the normal use of the software.

Questions in the database that are identified with a specific textbook have been used with the permission of the publisher who owns the copyright.